ATS轉(zhuǎn)換柜的應(yīng)用

The application of ATS conversion cabinet

供配電系統(tǒng)的要求：

Power supply and distribution system requirements:

4.1在 ATSE裝置前需設(shè)置隔離電器

4.1 in the ATSE device before setting electrical isolation

自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換開(kāi)關(guān)電器是由開(kāi)關(guān)與轉(zhuǎn)換控制器及傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)（微型電機(jī)或電磁操作機(jī)構(gòu)）組合而成的機(jī)電一體化帶機(jī)電連鎖的開(kāi)關(guān)電器，適用于一級(jí)負(fù)荷及二級(jí)負(fù)荷的供配電系統(tǒng)中常用電源與備用電源的自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)有關(guān)規(guī)范對(duì)配電系統(tǒng)的要求，一級(jí)負(fù)荷及二級(jí)負(fù)荷配電系統(tǒng)應(yīng)采用雙電源供電末端自動(dòng)互投，按其使用性質(zhì)自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換開(kāi)關(guān)電器通常安裝在配電系統(tǒng)最后一級(jí)的配電箱、柜的進(jìn)線側(cè)（市電．發(fā)電機(jī)主備型除外）。根據(jù)《低壓配電設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》 GB50054—95第 2.1.3條當(dāng)維護(hù)、測(cè)試和檢修設(shè)備需斷開(kāi)電源時(shí)，應(yīng)設(shè)置隔離電器。第 2.1.6條隔離電器可采用下列電器：

Automatic transfer switching equipment is composed of a switch and switch controller and a transmission mechanism ( micro motor or an electromagnetic operating mechanism) a combination of mechanical and electrical integration with electromechanical interlocking switch electrical appliances, applied to a load and load two power supply system used in the power supply and the backup power automatic switching. According to the specification of the requirements of power distribution system, a load and two load distribution system should adopt the dual power supply terminal automatic mutual throwing, according to the nature of their use of automatic transfer switching equipment is usually installed in the power distribution system the final level of distribution box, cabinet line side (electric motor main type of exception. ). According to the" code for design of low voltage" GB50054 - 952.1.3when the maintenance, testing and maintenance of equipment required to disconnect the power, should set the electrical isolation. Article 2.1.6electrical isolation may adopt the following appliances:

）單極或多極隔離開(kāi)關(guān)、隔離插頭；

Monopolar or multipolar ) isolating switch, isolating plug;

）插頭與插座；

Plug and socket );

）連接片；

Connecting piece );

）不需要拆除導(dǎo)線的特殊端子；

Do not need to remove the lead ) special terminal;

）熔斷器。

Fuse ).

《通用用電設(shè)備配電設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》 GB50055.93第 2.5.1條隔離電器的裝設(shè)應(yīng)符合下列規(guī)定：

" Code for design of electric equipment of" GB50055.932.5.1isolated electrical installation shall comply with the following provisions:

）每臺(tái)電動(dòng)機(jī)的主回路上應(yīng)裝設(shè)隔離電器，當(dāng)符合下列條件之一時(shí)，數(shù)臺(tái)電動(dòng)機(jī)可共用一套隔離電器：共用一套短路保護(hù)電器的一組電動(dòng)機(jī)；由同一配電箱（屏）供電且允許無(wú)選擇地?cái)嚅_(kāi)的一組電動(dòng)機(jī)。

) each motor main loop should be installed with electrical isolation, when meets the following conditions at the time, several motor can share a set of electrical isolation: a set of short-circuit protective device of a group of motor; by the same distribution box ( screen ) power supply and allows no choice to open a group of motor.

）電動(dòng)機(jī)及其控制電器宜共用一套隔離電器。符合隔離要求的短路保護(hù)電器可兼作隔離電器。

) motor and its control appliances should share a set of electrical isolation. Meet the requirements of short circuit protection electrical isolation can be used as electrical isolation.

）隔離電器宜裝設(shè)在控制電器附近或其他便于操作和維修的地點(diǎn)。無(wú)載開(kāi)斷的隔離電器應(yīng)能防止無(wú)關(guān)人員誤操作。

Electrical isolation should be arranged ) control electrical appliances near or other convenient operation and repair locations. No load disconnecting the electrical isolation should be able to prevent the irrelevant personnel misoperation.

現(xiàn)行國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《低壓電器基本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》中，已將低壓空氣式開(kāi)關(guān)（刀開(kāi)關(guān)）、隔離開(kāi)關(guān)、隔離器、熔斷器式開(kāi)關(guān)、熔斷器式隔離器等隔離電器；低壓斷路器標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中亦列入了隔離型。

The present national standard" the basic standard for low voltage apparatus", has low voltage air switch ( switch ), isolating switch, isolator, fuse switch, fuse isolator and other electrical isolation; low-voltage circuit breaker standard also included isolation.

根據(jù)以上規(guī)范及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的相關(guān)要求，在配電系統(tǒng)中自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換開(kāi)關(guān)電器前端應(yīng)設(shè)置隔離電器。

According to the above regulations and standards requirements, in the power distribution system in the automatic transfer switching equipment front-end should set the electrical isolation.

4.2自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換開(kāi)關(guān)電器是否可作為隔離電器使用

4.2automatic transfer switching equipment can be used as electrical isolation

根據(jù)自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換開(kāi)關(guān)電器的定義，自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換開(kāi)關(guān)電器是由一個(gè)（或幾個(gè)）轉(zhuǎn)換開(kāi)關(guān)電器和其他必需的電器（轉(zhuǎn)換控制器）組成。用于檢測(cè)電源電路，并將一個(gè)或幾個(gè)負(fù)載電路從一個(gè)電源自動(dòng)換接至另一個(gè)電源的開(kāi)關(guān)電器。從自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換開(kāi)關(guān)電器的定義可以看出，自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換開(kāi)關(guān)電器應(yīng)用在電氣系統(tǒng)中主要目的是在一、二級(jí)負(fù)荷緊急供電系統(tǒng)中，檢測(cè)被監(jiān)測(cè)電源（兩路）的工作狀態(tài)，當(dāng)被監(jiān)測(cè)的電源發(fā)生故障時(shí)，將負(fù)載電路從一個(gè)電源換接至另一個(gè)電源，以保證供電的連續(xù)性，確保重要負(fù)荷連續(xù)可靠運(yùn)行。目前自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換開(kāi)關(guān)電器有二段式和三段式兩種，二段式自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換開(kāi)關(guān)電器開(kāi)關(guān)主觸頭僅有兩個(gè)工作位 (正常電源位及備用電源位)，這種自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換開(kāi)關(guān)電器轉(zhuǎn)換動(dòng)作時(shí)間較快；三段式自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換開(kāi)關(guān)電器開(kāi)關(guān)主觸頭有三個(gè)工作位，（正常電源位、備用電源位及零位），零位時(shí)主觸頭處于空檔，因?yàn)樵O(shè)置了零位，三段式自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換開(kāi)關(guān)電器轉(zhuǎn)換動(dòng)作時(shí)間較慢，三段式自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換開(kāi)關(guān)電器設(shè)置 “零位 ”的主要作用是當(dāng)負(fù)載為高感抗或大電機(jī)負(fù)載時(shí)，為避免沖擊電流做暫態(tài)停留之用，而非用于負(fù)載維修時(shí)隔離之用。另一方面，自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換開(kāi)關(guān)電器自身也有檢修和維護(hù)的可能，所以帶零位的三段式自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換開(kāi)關(guān)電器不宜兼做隔離電器，為滿(mǎn)足維修問(wèn)題需要隔離時(shí)，應(yīng)在自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換開(kāi)關(guān)電器前單獨(dú)設(shè)置隔離電器。

According to the definition of automatic transfer switching equipment, automatic transfer switching equipment is composed of a ( or several ) switch electrical appliances and other necessary appliances ( controller ). For the detection of power supply circuit, and one or several load circuit from a power supply automatic switching to another power switch electric appliance. From the automatic transfer switching equipment definition as you can see, automatic transfer switching equipment application in the electrical system the main purpose is to load one or two emergency power supply system, power supply ( two ) detected by monitoring the working state, when the monitored power failure occurs, the load circuit from a power supply is switched to another a power supply, in order to guarantee the continuity of supply, ensure continuous and reliable operation of the important load. The automatic transfer switching equipment have two section and three section two, two section type automatic conversion switch electrical switch main contact only two working position ( normal power supply and standby power level ), the automatic transfer switching equipment switching moves faster; three section type automatic conversion switch electrical switch main contact three work, ( normal power, standby power and zero ), zero when the main contact is in neutral, because the set of zero, three section type automatic transfer switching equipment switching action time is slower, three section type automatic transfer switching equipment sets the" zero" is mainly used when the load is high inductance or motor load, in order to avoid the impact current transient residence purposes, rather than for the load when the isolation of repair. On the other hand, automatic transfer switching equipment also have their own repair and maintenance, so the band zero three section type automatic transfer switching equipment is not as electrical isolation, in order to meet the need for isolation repair problems, should be in the automatic transfer switching equipment before a separate set of electrical isolation.

4.3自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換開(kāi)關(guān)電器前是否需設(shè)置短路保護(hù)電器

4.3automatic transfer switching equipment whether it is necessary to set short circuit protection apparatus

在配電系統(tǒng)中選擇 CB級(jí)自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換開(kāi)關(guān)電器時(shí)，只要求自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換開(kāi)關(guān)電器的開(kāi)關(guān)執(zhí)行斷路器選擇正確，即低壓斷路器符合下列條件：

In the power distribution system in the selection of CB automatic switch electrical appliances, only automatic transfer switching equipment switching executive circuit breaker selection is correct, i.e. low voltage circuit breaker meet the following conditions:

）低壓斷路器額定分?jǐn)嚯娏鳎ㄓ行е担┐笥谠撎幍念A(yù)期最大短路電流值（有效值）；

) low-voltage circuit breakers rated breaking current ( effective value) is greater than the maximum expected short-circuit current ( effective value);

）低壓斷路器選型與上下級(jí)出線回路低壓斷路器選型配合滿(mǎn)足配電保護(hù)選擇性要求。配電箱、柜內(nèi) CB級(jí)自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換開(kāi)關(guān)電器前端可只設(shè)置隔離電器或隔離開(kāi)關(guān)，不必再設(shè)短路保護(hù)電器。

Low voltage circuit breaker selection ) and on the lower level outlet circuit of low voltage circuit breaker selection to meet with requirements of power distribution protection selectivity. Distribution box, cabinet CB automatic switch electrical appliance front end can be set only electrical isolation or isolating switch, do not have to set short circuit protection apparatus.

PC級(jí)自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換開(kāi)關(guān)電器只有電源轉(zhuǎn)換功能，沒(méi)有短路及過(guò)載保護(hù)功能。額定電流小于等于 250,4的 PC級(jí)自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換開(kāi)關(guān)電器，額定短時(shí)耐受電流有效值（ 1s）一般在 5kA.12kA左右；額定電流大于 250A小于等于 630A的 PC級(jí)自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換開(kāi)關(guān)電器，額定短時(shí)耐受電流有效值

PC automatic switch electrical power conversion function only, no short-circuit and overload protection function. Rated current less than or equal to 250,4PC automatic switch electrical appliances, rated short-time withstand current effective value (1s ) generally about 5kA.12kA; rated current is greater than 250A less than or equal to 630A PC automatic switch electrical appliances, rated short-time withstand current effective value

（1s）一般在 13kA，25kA左右。由于以下因素在配電箱、柜內(nèi) PC級(jí)自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換開(kāi)關(guān)電器前端須設(shè)置短路保護(hù)電器：

(1s ) in 13kA, about 25kA. Because of the following factors in distribution box, cabinet level PC automatic transfer switching equipment shall be provided in front of short-circuit protective device:

1）雖然 PC級(jí)自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換開(kāi)關(guān)電器有一定的承受短路電流的能力，但沒(méi)有切斷短路電流的能力，其前端需要設(shè)置短路保護(hù)電器；

1) although PC automatic transfer switching equipment must have the ability to withstand short circuit current, but did not cut off the short circuit current capacity, its front end need to set short circuit protection apparatus;

2）此外還應(yīng)考慮設(shè)置隔離電器的要求。綜合以上因素在配電箱、柜內(nèi) PC級(jí)自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換開(kāi)關(guān)電器前端應(yīng)設(shè)置

2) shall also be considered set isolated electrical requirements. The above factors in distribution box, cabinet PC automatic switch electrical appliance front end should be set

符合隔離要求的短路保護(hù)電器。符合隔離要求的短路保護(hù)電器有：

Meet the requirements of short circuit protection electrical isolation. Meet the requirements of short circuit protection electrical isolation:

）熔斷器；

Fuse );

）熔斷器式開(kāi)關(guān)；

Fuse switch );

）熔斷器式隔離器；

Fuse isolator );

IEC947.3隔離標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求的隔離型低壓斷路器。

The IEC947.3 isolation standard isolation type low voltage circuit breaker.

《低壓配電設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》 GB50054.95第 4.1.2條規(guī)定 “配電線路采用的上下級(jí)保護(hù)電器，其動(dòng)作應(yīng)具有選擇性；各級(jí)之間應(yīng)協(xié)調(diào)配合。但對(duì)于非重要負(fù)荷的保護(hù)電器，可采用無(wú)選擇性切斷。”根據(jù)以上規(guī)范要求，采用雙電源供電的配電系統(tǒng)，當(dāng)雙電源末端自動(dòng)互投配電箱、柜內(nèi)有多路一級(jí)負(fù)荷或二級(jí)負(fù)荷出線回路時(shí)，其自動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換開(kāi)關(guān)電器前設(shè)置的熔斷器或隔離型低壓斷路器均應(yīng)與配電箱、柜內(nèi)出線回路低壓斷路器之間有選擇性配合。

" Code for design of low voltage GB50054.95"" specified in article 4.1.2distribution line using the upper and lower protection electric appliance, the action should have selectivity between levels should be coordinated. But for the important load protection of electrical appliances, can use without selective cutting." According to the above requirements, using dual power supply distribution system, when the double power supply terminal automatic mutual throwing power distribution box, cabinet with multiplex a load or load two outgoing line circuit, the automatic transfer switch is arranged in front of the fuse or isolation type low voltage circuit breaker shall be with the electrical distribution box, cabinet outlet circuit of low voltage circuit breaker are selective coordination.

綜上所述， ATSE構(gòu)成了低壓配電系統(tǒng)中對(duì)重要負(fù)荷供電的備自投方式，在設(shè)計(jì)和選用上必須將其下端發(fā)生故障的可能性考慮在內(nèi)。PC級(jí) ATSE的開(kāi)關(guān)本體是負(fù)荷開(kāi)關(guān)，它只能通斷用電設(shè)備的負(fù)荷電流。因此，選用 PC級(jí) ATSE，應(yīng)采取的措施是在其上端裝設(shè)斷路器并設(shè)跳閘閉鎖。CB級(jí) ATSE具有通斷短路電流的能力，我國(guó)有關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范對(duì)高壓備自投裝置的基本要求可為 ATSE標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所借鑒，在常、備電源均為市電的條件下， CB級(jí) ATSE也應(yīng)能延時(shí)動(dòng)作（轉(zhuǎn)換）并只動(dòng)作一次，以有利于對(duì)重要負(fù)荷的連續(xù)供電，提高系統(tǒng)可靠性。“過(guò)電流電器脫扣， ATSE將不能轉(zhuǎn)換 ”應(yīng)只針對(duì) PC級(jí) ATSE。對(duì)于 ATSE可否兼作隔離電器的問(wèn)題，目前而言 CB級(jí)可以， PC級(jí)不可以。由于 ATSE本身有維修之需，一般都應(yīng)加裝隔離電器。

In summary, ATSE formed in the low voltage distribution system for important load power supply from the vote, in selection and design must be lower the probability of accidents into account. PC ATSE of the switch body is load switch, it can only be on-off electrical equipment load current. Therefore, choose PC ATSE, measures should be taken in its upper end breaker tripping and latching device. CB ATSE has on-off circuit current capacity, China's relevant design code for high voltage automatic switching device for basic requirements of ATSE standard reference, in ordinary, power supply for electric conditions, CB ATSE should also be able to delay action ( conversion ) and one operation, to have for the important loads of continuous power supply, improves the reliability of the system. " Current electrical tripping, ATSE will not convert" should only for PC ATSE. For ATSE could used as electrical isolation problem, now CB can, PC can not. ATSE itself as a repair needs, generally should be installed electrical isolation.