威爾遜發電機 說明書

威爾信發電機組培訓講義

一、 威爾信的介紹

英國公司專業生產發電機組，控股股東為卡特公司（美國公司），威爾信公司主要擅長發電機組的控制系統現已開發多種控制系統，如： 1001（手動）、2001（自動）、4001、4001E（高級自動）、6001（并機、并網、監控），以及 ACCESS40000（自啟動并帶監控功能）。威爾信生產的發電機組范圍較廣（4KW-2200KW）全部生產，是世界知名的三大品牌之一。威爾信發電機組的引擎全部采用伯瓊斯柴油機（原勞斯萊斯），現已被美國卡特控股，發電機主要采用法國利萊森瑪（過去采用過英國的史丹福）。

二、發電機組的組成（三個部分：A、引擎 B、發電機 C、控制裝置）

A、發動機引擎包括 3.1524、1000、2000、3000、4000等系列，其中 1000、2000系列部分或全部將升級為電噴機組，威爾信的目標是將所有機組都升級為電噴機組以符合歐洲二號排放標準。 B、發電機法國利萊森瑪生產，標準轉速為 1500r/min，二極、三線四相制，中性線直接接地，AVR（電壓穩壓器）控制電壓。 C、控制裝置主要作用是對發動機及發電機進行全部控制，例如：水溫、油壓、電壓等

三、 發動機（引擎）

下面主要講解：（1）基本工作原理（2）排氣系統（3）燃油系統（4）冷卻系統（5）啟動系統（6）潤滑系統

（1） 基本工作原理 A、吸氣沖程：將空氣及燃油吸入汽缸中，并使之充分混合 B、壓縮沖程：將燃油混合氣進行壓縮，一般壓縮為 16左右 C、做功沖程：將混合氣體壓縮到一定比例，溫度升高到 400℃以上，混

合氣體自行燃燒（爆炸過程） D、排氣沖程：將燃燒后的廢氣排出機體（排煙溫度為 400-500℃）

（2）排氣系統

機組運行后一般為自行吸氣排氣。但為了提高效率及燃燒的利用率，威爾信機組基本采用渦輪增壓系統，就是利用機組排放的廢氣，利用增壓器將吸入的空氣進行壓縮，以提高吸氣沖程中氧氣的含量提高燃料利用率和增加功率。

（3）燃油系統

威爾信電機組，小于 880KW以下的機組一般都帶有可供 6-8小時的燃油箱。燃油經低壓油泵吸入到濾清器將燃油中的雜質及水分過濾，再經過高壓油泵增壓按時按量噴入汽缸中進行燃燒。

A、機械調速：經過機械飛輪式相應裝置調節噴油量以達到控制轉速的

目的

B、電子調速：通過測定主軸的轉速來微調轉速使之始終達到 1500r/min,

而不論其是帶載還是不帶載。

燃油的標號一般使用 0#柴油，冬季根據機房條件不同，4℃以下建議用

-10#柴油，原因，因為冬季柴油機不好啟動。

（4）冷卻系統

冷卻系統使機體及內部保持在 104℃以下，否則易產生抱缸等故障，影響使用壽命，柴油機在使用過程應保持在 80℃-90℃之間為最佳，溫度過低不易啟動，并對帶載能力有限制，溫度過高對機體有損傷。為達到上述目的，冷卻系統分為大循環和小循環。機組啟動初期，大循環關閉，小循環啟動，目的是機體能夠迅速升溫。當溫度達到一定高度時，關閉小循環開啟大循環使機體溫度降低，當熱平衡達到一定程度后，保持此平衡，使機組處于最佳溫度。而控制此平衡的為調節閥（節流閥），此為自動調節，不需人為控制。當機組發生高水溫報警時，可以檢查冷卻液水平，是否超載及節流閥是否損壞。一般溫度下，60℃節流閥開始打開，95℃完全打開。

（5）潤滑系統

潤滑系統的目的：給所有運動幅之間減小摩擦系統，包括齒輪間、缸套與汽缸之間，窩輪增壓器轉軸-曲柄軸承等等。一般工作原理：經過油泵將潤滑油加壓到一定程度（應過濾清器、油冷器）一般為 4-6bar,通過管道分流到不同的運動部件進行潤滑，最后回到油底殼進行冷卻。潤滑油最佳工作溫度為 90℃-105℃。溫度過低精度加大，將阻礙運動（冬季啟動困難方面之一），溫度過高精度降低，潤滑效果降低，因而日常使用中應注意記錄壓力值，若發現油壓有 1 bar以下的下降，應考慮更換柴油機及濾清器。

（6）啟動系統

發電機組的啟動一般為電池帶動一直流電機將發電機組的轉速達到 450r/min以上以啟動機組。

四、 發電機

結構類似于一般異步發電機，物理原理為導線切割磁力線產生電壓及電流，它原理與電動機相反，電動機是將電能轉化為機械能，而發電機是將發動機的機械能轉化成電能，剛才講了產生電壓需要運動和磁場線，運動由發動機產生，而磁力線或磁場由誰產生呢？發電機轉動初期，由于發電機有剩磁，產生一個很小的電流將此電流整流，利用直流電產生一個較大電流，周而復始就產生一個大的電壓，而當電壓達到我們所需的電壓時，我們將整流電流穩定，這樣我們能得到一個恒久而穩定的電壓，將此電壓輸出即可。而此過程很快不到一秒種即可完成，而完成此功能的裝置為電壓穩定器，我們稱 AVR。

發電機一般工作穩定，故障率很低。主要故障為 AVR損壞，具體表現為無電壓輸出。

五、控制系統

控制系統的故障最高，應特別注意。平常應經常熟悉控制原理圖。最簡單的控制系統是控制發電機水溫、機油壓力和發電機電壓。當水溫過高、機油壓力過低及發電機無電壓輸出時，控制系統將發出：高水溫報警、低油壓報警及啟動失

敗報警，并立即停車。

現階段隨著控制技術的不斷發展，發電機組的技術水平主要表現在控制系統上，而最終的發展方向是無人值守，并可以在世界各地通過網絡監控發電機組的運行狀況，現階段基本達到這一水平。

威爾信的控制裝置，基本上是采用美國的技術，因為美國公司是威爾信的大老板并且美國在控制方面領導世界潮流。具體的個部分功能將根據實物具體講解。

六、自啟動功能

自啟動功能的工作原理是通過一裝置檢測市電的狀況，如發現下列情況無市電，市電電壓高低超出規定范圍，或市電缺相等故障，此裝置將向發電機組發出啟動信號。當這一裝置檢測市電正常時，將取消啟動信號使發電機組停止運轉。這一裝置為自動轉換柜（ATS）。其中十個電位器可調節，電壓及多種轉換時間延時。包括：市電及油機電的范圍調整、市電檢測時間、轉換過程時間、油機延時啟動時間、市電再轉換時間及油機冷卻時間。這些電位器出廠時已調好，客戶不能自行調整。

七、 發電機組使用注意事項：

A、開機前的工作：

a 檢查電池電壓及容量

b 檢查機油油位，可通過油尺檢查油的多少及柴油多少及機油質量。若少可

添加、若質量較差應考慮更換。

c檢查柴油油位，若不多，應考慮加滿

d檢查冷卻液的水位

e檢查各管道有無泄露，若有應及時擰緊

f檢查各接線及保險是否良好

B、啟動后應注意：

a檢查油壓情況并記錄油壓

b檢查電壓輸出是否正常

c檢查各電流是否超載

d檢查水溫的上升是否均勻

e注意發電機組有無異常聲音

f觀察排煙情況，當剛啟動機組時或冬季氣溫較低時，煙濃度較大，這是正

常現象；隨著油機溫度的升高，濃度會越來越小直至正常。

C、關機時應注意：

a停機時是否平穩，可能有一振動，也屬正常。原因是某一部件產生共振。

八、日常保養

日常保養機組外整潔，清除灰塵利于機組降溫；使用質量較好的柴油；按要求更換冷卻液及機油。

冷卻液：第一次使用時，第一年需更換冷卻液；以后每兩年更換一次。

機油及三濾的更換：第一次使用 50小時更換一次。以后每使用 200-300小時或一年更換一次。

若長時間放置或不使用，使用前也應更換一次三濾。平常應每月開機兩次，保持 15分鐘或者 20分鐘，目的是潤滑機組，另外可及時發現問題及時解決，試機應作好記錄以備查。

電池一般使用時間為 3-5年，注意觀察電池液面，少時可添加補充液或蒸餾

水。使用半年后，打開發電機上蓋，用吸塵器清洗灰塵，注意不要碰到任何部件。當自動轉換柜有故障時，可手動啟動機組，并用手柄轉動空氣開關，用手動

方式轉換油機電及市電的轉換。并檢查保險有損壞的嗎？若沒有應電話通知我們。

在如下情況請注意：當市電電壓波動較大時，波動幅度超過 50伏時，可能導致 ATS認為市電不合格，頻繁啟動機組，此時應將機組開關處于斷開位置，停電后用手動啟動機組。

British perkins commonly used models and prices perkins power 500 kw diesel generator will letter generator producing area

Wilson generator specifications

Will letter generator training handout

A, will letter of introduction

British company specializing in the production of generators, the controlling shareholder for the carter company (the company), will believe the company is mainly good at generating set control system has been developed a variety of control systems, such as: 1001 (manual), 2001 (to be automatic), 4001, 4001 e automatic (advanced), 6001 (weaver, grid, monitoring), as well as ACCESS40000 (since the launch and the tape function of monitoring). Will letter production has a wide range of generator set (4 kw - 2200 - kw) all production, is one of the three major brands of the world famous. Will letter generator set's engine all adopt the "Jones (original) Rolls-Royce diesel engine, has been the United States carter holdings, leroy somer generator mainly adopts France (past the British Stanford).

Second, composition of the generating set (three parts: A, B engine, generator, control device) C

A engine, engine consists of 3.1524, 1000, 2000, 3000, 2000 series, 1000, 2000 series, some or all of the units will be upgraded to ems, all units will letter's goal is to upgrade to ems unit to comply with the European ii emission standards. B, French somer generator production, the standard speed of 1500 r/min, diode, three line four phase system, the neutral directly grounding, AVR (voltage regulator), the control voltage. C, control device for main function is to control all of engines and generators, such as: water temperature, oil pressure, voltage, etc

Three, engine (engine)

Below covers: (1) the basic working principle of the exhaust system (2) (3) fuel system (4) (5) start the cooling system (6) lubrication system

(1) the basic working principle, suction stroke A: the air and fuel into A cylinder, and fully mixed B, the compression stroke, the fuel mixture is compressed, general compression is about 16 C, power stroke, the mixture to A certain proportion from the gas compression, temperature to 400 ℃ above, mix

Combined gas combustion (explosion) D, exhaust stroke: after combustion exhaust eduction body (exhaust smoke temperature is 400-500 ℃)

(2) exhaust system

General unit operation for suction and exhaust. But in order to improve the efficiency and the utilization rate of combustion, will believe basic unit USES turbocharging system, is to use the unit discharge of waste gas, using the supercharger will inhale air is compressed, in order to improve the oxygen content in the suction stroke to improve fuel utilization and increase power.

(3) the fuel system

Will letter electric unit, less than 880 kw units are generally available for six to eight hours with a fuel tank. Fuel oil by the low pressure oil pump suction filtering to filter impurities from the fuel and water, through the high pressure oil pump pressurized unluckily sprayed into the cylinder for combustion.

A, mechanical timing: after mechanical flywheel device corresponding to adjust the volume of injection in order to achieve speed control

purpose

B, electronic speed control: by measuring the speed of the spindle to fine-tune speed to 1500 r/min,

And whether it is with load or without load.

Label generally use 0 # diesel fuel oil, winter according to different engine conditions, 4 ℃ below suggestion

Diesel engine - 10 # diesel oil, the reason, because winter is bad start.

(4) cooling system

Cooling system to keep the body and internal under 104 ℃, otherwise hold cylinder caused by fault, affect the service life, the diesel engine in use process should be kept between 80 ℃ -- 90 ℃ is the best, the low temperature is not easy to start, and the limited load ability, high temperature have damage to the body. To achieve the above purpose, divided into the pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation cooling system. Close the unit's early days, the circulation, pulmonary circulation starts, the purpose is to the body to quickly heat up. When the temperature reaches a certain height, close the minor cycle open circulation to lower the body temperature, when the heat balance reaches a certain degree, to keep the balance, the unit is in the best temperature. And control the balance of the regulating valve (throttle), it is automatic control, without human control. When set high temperature alarm occurs, you can check the coolant level, whether overload and throttle valve is damaged. Average temperatures, 60 ℃ throttle valve starts to open, 95 ℃ fully open.

(5) the lubrication system

Lubrication system: the purpose of all motion reduces friction between painting system, including gear, between cylinder liner and cylinder, nest round supercharger rotor - crank bearing and so on. The general working principle: after the oil pump will be lubricating oil pressure to a certain degree (should be a filter, oil cooler) is commonly 4 to 6 bar, through the pipe diversion to different lubrication for the moving parts and finally back to the oil sump for cooling. Lubricating oil best working temperature of 90 ℃ to 105 ℃. Precision of low temperature increase, will hinder movement (winter start one of the difficult aspects), had high precision temperature, lubrication effect is reduced, and therefore should be paid attention to in daily use to record pressure value, if found 1 bar pressure drop below, should consider to replace the diesel engine and filter.

(6) start the system

Generating set of the starter is commonly battery will always flow motor generator speed 450 r/min to start the unit.

Four, generators

Structure is similar to the general asynchronous generator, the physical principle for wire cutting lines produce voltage and current, its principle, in contrast to the motor, motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, which is the engine's mechanical energy into electric energy by generators, just off produce voltage need movement and the magnetic field lines, motion is produced by the engine, the lines of magnetic force and magnetic field is produced by who? Early generator rotation, the generator has remanence, accounts for a very small current the current rectification, use direct current (dc) produce a large current, the cycle will produce a large voltage, when voltage reach what we want, we will be rectified current stability, so that we can get a permanent and stable voltage, the voltage output. And can complete this process quickly in less than a second, and complete the function of the device for voltage stabilizer, we call the AVR.

Generator is generally stable, low failure rate. Main fault for damage of AVR, embodied in no voltage output.

Five, the control system

The failure of the control system, should pay special attention to. Usual often should be familiar with the control principle diagram. The simplest control system is to control the generator temperature, oil pressure and generator voltages. When the water temperature is too high, oil pressure too low no voltage and generator, the output of the control system will be sent: the high temperature alarm, low oil pressure alarm and start

Failure alarm, and immediately stop.

At this stage with the development of control technology, the generating set of the technical level is mainly embodied in the control system, and finally the development direction is unattended, and around the world through the network to monitor running state of generator set, basic to achieve this level.

Will letter control device, basically is to use technology in the United States, because the company is the big boss will believe and the United States leading the world trend in terms of control. Specific part will explain in detail according to the physical function.

Six, self-starting function

Since the launch of the working principle is through the function of a device detecting the condition of the mains, if discover the following situation without mains, mains voltage levels within the prescribed scope, or the mains lack equal failure, this device will be issued to the generator set start signal. When this device detect mains is normal, will cancel the start signal generator stop running. A device for automatic switch cabinet (ATS). Ten potentiometer can be adjusted, including voltage and many kinds of conversion time delay. Include: the utility mains electrical scope of adjustment, and oil testing time, process time, oil machine delay start time, mains conversion time and oil machine cooling time again. The potentiometer factory has adjusted the, the customer can't adjust.

Seven, generator set using the matters needing attention:

A, before starting of work:

A. check the battery voltage and capacity

Oil b check the oil level, it can be through the oil dipstick check how many and how much diesel oil and engine oil quality. If can be less

Add, if poor quality should consider to replace.

C diesel oil level examination, if a few, consideration should be given up

D check the coolant level

E check whether there is any leakage on the pipe, if any should be tighten in a timely manner

F check all wiring and insurance are in good condition

B, after the start should be paid attention to:

A survey and record the hydraulic oil pressure

B) check whether the output voltage is normal

C, check whether the current overload

D check whether water temperature rise evenly

E note generator set with or without abnormal sounds

F observed smoke situation, when just start the unit or the winter air temperature is lower, smoke density is bigger, this is positive

Often phenomenon; With the increase of the oil machine temperature, there will be less and less concentration until the normal.

C, to turn it off when should pay attention to:

When a stop is smooth, there may be a vibration, also belong to normal. A part of a reason for this is that produce resonance.

Eight, daily maintenance

Daily maintenance unit clean, remove dust for the unit to cool; Use good quality diesel; Replace the coolant and oil as required.

Coolant: used for the first time, first year need to replace the cooling fluid; Later replaced once every two years.

Engine oil replacement and a / : first use replaced every 50 hours. After each use. 200-300 hours or replaced once a year.

If placed or do not use for long, also should be replaced once a/before use. Should boot up twice a month, usually stay 15 minutes or 20 minutes, the purpose is the lubrication unit, also can timely find problems in a timely manner, commissioning should be a record for reference.

Batteries commonly used time for 3 to 5 years, watch battery level, can add fluid of supplement or distilled

Water. Use half a year later, open the generator cover, use a vacuum cleaner to clean dust, pay attention to don't touch any components. When automatic switch cabinet has a fault, can be manually start the unit, and handle rotating air switch, use manual

The transfer of oil electromechanical and mains. And check the insurance have damaged? If no telephone notice must be given to us.

In the following situation, please note: when the grid voltage fluctuation is bigger, volatility more than 50 v, may lead to ATS that mains is unqualified, frequent start unit, the unit should be switch in the off position, power cuts after start the unit by hand.