Perkins4016/4012/4008/4006柴油發(fā)動機(jī)潤滑系統(tǒng)概述（潤滑系統(tǒng)）
                                   
Perkins4016柴油發(fā)動機(jī)潤滑系統(tǒng)
概述（潤滑系統(tǒng)）
出現(xiàn)下列問題通常表明發(fā)動機(jī)潤滑系統(tǒng)有故障。
•發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油損耗量過多
•發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油壓力低
•發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油壓力高
Perkins4016柴油發(fā)動機(jī)向機(jī)油泵充油并調(diào)整機(jī)油壓力
1確保發(fā)動機(jī)油座殼加注正確級別的機(jī)油并且加注了正確的油量。
2將調(diào)速器操縱桿置于停止位置時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)動發(fā)動機(jī)使機(jī)油壓力為40 kPa。
3檢查集油槽和機(jī)油管路是否泄漏。
 
4調(diào)整螺釘(1)i設(shè)匿為17 mm(0 67In) (A)。擰緊螺釘。有關(guān)正確的步驟請參閱《折解和蛆裝》 “發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油安全閥拆卸和安裝“。
5運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)動機(jī)。檢查確認(rèn)發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油壓力在207至414 kPa C30至60ps.)之間。
6運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)動機(jī)使發(fā)動機(jī)熱機(jī)。水溫應(yīng)在65至75度之間。檢查額定轉(zhuǎn)速下的發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油壓力。發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油壓力應(yīng)為345 kPa (50 psi)。如果發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油壓力高于345 kPa (50 psi)或低于345 kPa <50 psi)可通過調(diào)整發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油安全閥調(diào)整壓力。順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)調(diào)節(jié)螺釘上的鎖緊螺母以增大發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油壓力。逆時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)調(diào)節(jié)螺釘上的鎖緊螺母以減小發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油壓力。
Perkins4016柴油發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油壓力一測試
 
1確保用正確的發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油糟發(fā)動機(jī)加注到正確的油位。更多信息請參閱《撮作和保養(yǎng)手冊》 “加注容量”以及《操作和保養(yǎng)手冊》 
 
壓力測試位置（1）
2捋工具(A)連接至發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油濾清器殼體上的位置 (1)。
3運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)動機(jī)。當(dāng)發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油達(dá)到99。C (210。F)的溫度時(shí)，讀取壓力表上的讀數(shù)并記錄壓力。
4請參閱表9以確定發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油壓力是否可以接受。
 
如果發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油壓力偏低確定原因并排除狀況。否則可能導(dǎo)致發(fā)動機(jī)故障或發(fā)動機(jī)使用壽命降低。
5將記錄的發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油壓力與儀表板上的發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油壓力表讀數(shù)進(jìn)行比較。發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油壓力表故障或傳感器故障可能提供發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油壓力過低或發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油壓力偏高的錯(cuò)誤指示。如果在這些發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油壓力讀數(shù)之間有明顯的差異確定原因。
注：發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油壓力的記錄可用作發(fā)動機(jī)可能出現(xiàn)問題或發(fā)生損壞的指示。發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油壓力突然變化70 kPa (10 poI)可能表明存在故障。拉查發(fā)動機(jī)并排除故障。
Perkins4016柴油發(fā)動機(jī)軸瓦過度磨損一檢查
發(fā)動機(jī)的某些部件短期內(nèi)顯示軸瓦磨損時(shí)其原因可能是機(jī)油通道阻塞。機(jī)油壓力表可能顯示機(jī)油壓力足夠大但是某一部件因缺乏潤滑而磨損。在這種情況下應(yīng)查看向該部件供油的通道。機(jī)油油道的阻塞會阻礙部件得到足夠的潤滑。這樣會造成部件的早期磨損。
Perkins4016柴油發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油消耗量過多一檢查
Perkins4016柴油發(fā)動機(jī)外部的發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油漏油
檢查曲軸兩端的油封是否漏油。查看發(fā)動機(jī)油底殼密封墊和所有潤滑系統(tǒng)接頭有無漏油。查看曲軸箱通氣裝置是否有任何漏油。這可能是由于燃燒氣體從活塞周圍的滲出導(dǎo)致的。骯臟的曲軸箱通氣裝置會造成曲軸箱壓力高。骯臟的曲軸箱通氣裝置出去導(dǎo)致密封墊和密封滲漏。
Perkins發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油漏進(jìn)氣缸的燃燒區(qū)域
發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油漏進(jìn)氣缸的燃燒區(qū)域會造成排氣冒藍(lán)煙。機(jī)油可能通過四種途經(jīng)流入氣缸的燃燒區(qū)域
•通過磨損的氣門導(dǎo)管和氣門桿之間漏入
•磨損或損壞的部件與活塞活塞環(huán)或油環(huán)槽內(nèi)骯臟的發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油回油孔
•壓縮環(huán)或中間環(huán)安裝不正確
•通過渦輪增壓器軸的密封環(huán)流入
•曲軸箱機(jī)油加注過滿
•錯(cuò)誤的油尺或油尺導(dǎo)引管
•發(fā)動機(jī)長時(shí)間輕負(fù)荷運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)
如果使用的發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油粘度不對也會造成發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油消耗量過多。
Perkins4016柴油發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油溫度升高一檢查
如果發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油蓋度高于正常值可能是因發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油冷卻器阻塞造成的。查找發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油冷卻器內(nèi)的機(jī)油油道是否阻塞。發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油壓力不一定會因發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油冷卻器出現(xiàn)阻塞而降低。確保冷卻系統(tǒng)工作正常。發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油冷卻器內(nèi)冷卻液溫度高會造成發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油溫度高。
Perkins柴油發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油壓力低
注意：保持所有零件清潔無雜質(zhì)。雜質(zhì)會造成快速磨損和縮短部件壽命。
注意：在檢驗(yàn)、保養(yǎng)、測試、調(diào)整與維修產(chǎn)品時(shí)務(wù)必小心，確保液體盛裝在容器中。在打開任何腔室或拆解任何儲有液體的部件之前，要準(zhǔn)備好用合適的容器收集液體。按照本地法規(guī)和指令處置所有液體。
下述情況會導(dǎo)致出現(xiàn)發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油壓力低的指示
•發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油油位低
•發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油壓力表有問題
•發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油污染
•發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油循環(huán)不正常
•部件磨損
Perkins柴油發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油油位低
檢查發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油油位。如果發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油油位盤過低于吸油管，發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油泵就無法向發(fā)動機(jī)部件提供足夠的潤滑。如果發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油油位低的話添加機(jī)油以便達(dá)到正確的油位。關(guān)于應(yīng)使用的正確的發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油請參閱《操作和保養(yǎng)手冊》“再加注容量’以及《操作和保養(yǎng)手冊》“油液建議”。
Perkins4016柴油發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油壓力表
請參閱《測試與調(diào)整》“發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油壓力測試”。如果發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油壓力表不正確，安裝新的壓力表。
Perkins柴油發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油污染
發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油被另種液體污染將會導(dǎo)致發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油壓力低。發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油油位高可能說明機(jī)油受到污染。應(yīng)確定發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油受污染的起因并進(jìn)行必要的修理。更換發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油和發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油濾著器。關(guān)于應(yīng)使用的正確的發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油，請參閱《操作和保養(yǎng)手冊》油液建議。
Perkins柴油發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油循環(huán)不正常
以下幾個(gè)因素可能引起發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油循環(huán)不正常．
•發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油濾清器墻塞。更換發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油濾清器。
•某發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油油管或油道被斷開或自現(xiàn)斷裂。更換油管或清潔油道。
•發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油冶卻器阻塞。徹底清潔發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油冷卻器。
•活塞冷卻噴嘴出現(xiàn)問題。活塞冷卻噴嘴蔣發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油對準(zhǔn)活塞底部噴射以便冷卻活塞。同時(shí)也為活塞銷提供潤滑。斷裂阻塞或安裝不正碼的活塞冷卻噴嘴都會導(dǎo)致活塞咬缸。
•機(jī)油泵吸油管的進(jìn)口濾網(wǎng)可能會有阻塞。該阻塞會導(dǎo)致氣穴的形成和機(jī)油壓力降低。檢查吸油管內(nèi)的進(jìn)口濾網(wǎng)清除所有可能阻塞發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油流動的物質(zhì)。
•吸油管吸入空氣。檢查吸油管的接合處有無裂紋或損壞的o形密封圈。
•發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油泵有間隙。檢查發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油泵齒輪是否過度磨損。發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油泵齒輪磨損過多時(shí)發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油壓力就會下降。
注意：珀金斯機(jī)油濾清器是按照珀金斯技術(shù)參融制造的。使用未經(jīng)珀金斯推薦的機(jī)油濾清器會使發(fā)動機(jī)的軸承、曲軸等嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞、結(jié)果致使未經(jīng)過濾的機(jī)油中大量的廢物粒子進(jìn)入發(fā)動機(jī)的潤滑系統(tǒng)。只能使用珀金斯推薦的機(jī)油濾清器。
Perkins柴油發(fā)動機(jī)磨損的部件
曲軸或凸輪軸軸瓦的間隙過大都會造成發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油壓力低。同時(shí)也要檢查搖臂軸和搖臂之間的間隙。檢查發(fā)動機(jī)部件是否間隙過大。
Perkins柴油發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油壓力高
注意：保持所有零件清潔無雜質(zhì)。雜質(zhì)會造成快速磨損與縮短部件壽命。
如果發(fā)動機(jī)進(jìn)油旁通閥卡在關(guān)閉位置，同時(shí)發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油流動受阻的話發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油壓力就會升高。發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油系統(tǒng)有異物可能造成機(jī)油流動和發(fā)動機(jī)進(jìn)油旁強(qiáng)閥的移動受阻。如果發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油旁強(qiáng)閥卡在關(guān)閉位置應(yīng)折下并清潔每個(gè)發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油壓力旁通閥，以便修正問題。您必需同時(shí)清潔每個(gè)旁通閥孔。安裝新發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油濾清器。新發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油濾清器將防止更多碎屑導(dǎo)致此婁問題。有關(guān)修理發(fā)動機(jī)機(jī)油濾清器旁通閥的信息請參閱《拆解和組裝》。
注意：珀金斯機(jī)油濾著器是按照珀金斯技術(shù)參數(shù)制造的。使用未經(jīng)珀金斯推薦的機(jī)油濾清器會使發(fā)動機(jī)的軸承、曲軸等嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞，結(jié)果致使未經(jīng)過濾的機(jī)油中大量的廢物粒子進(jìn)入發(fā)動機(jī)的潤滑系統(tǒng)。只能使用珀金斯推薦的機(jī)油濾清器。
T he lubrication system of TRG Perkins4016-61 (industrial diesel engine lubrication system)
Important safety instructions
Perkins products operation, maintenance and repair of the most accidents, are caused by not Cui Shou basic safety rules or preventive measures. If you can recognize the various potential risk before the accident, the accident is often avoided. The risk potential, must be warned about the working personnel. Must also be for staff training. To acquire the necessary skills and normal use of tools.
Incorrect operation, small sliding, maintenance or repair the product is dangerous, and can cause personal injury.
You must read and understand the product operation, lubrication, maintenance and repair information, to carry out the work.
In this manual and in the product is provided with safety precautions and warnings. If not pay attention to will cause personal injury to themselves or others to these warnings.
Hazard identification with "safety warning symbols" and "text", such as "dangerous", "warning" or "be careful". "Warning" stickers are shown as follows
Lubrication system of diesel engine Perkins4016
Overview (lubrication system)
The following issues usually indicates engine lubrication system failure.
• loss of engine oil consumption is too much
• low engine oil pressure
The high oil pressure, engine
Perkins4016 diesel engine to pump oil filled and adjust the oil pressure
1 to ensure that the engine oil seat shell filling the correct level of oil and add the right amount of oil.
2 the governor lever in the stop position, rotate the engine oil pressure is 40 kPa.
3 check the oil collecting groove and oil pipeline leakage.
4 adjusting screws (1) I and 17 mm (0 67In) (A). Tighten the screws. The correct procedure please refer to "dismantle and maggots installed" safety valve "engine oil removing and installing".
The 5 running engine. Check the engine oil pressure at 207 to 414 kPa C30 to 60ps.).
The 6 running the engine so that the engine engine. The water temperature should be between 65 to 75 degrees. Engine oil pressure check under the rated speed. Engine oil pressure should be 345 kPa (50 psi). If the engine oil pressure is higher than 345 kPa (50 psi) or less than 345 kPa <50 psi) by adjusting the engine oil pressure safety valve adjustment. Clockwise rotation of adjusting screw lock nut to increase the engine oil pressure. Counterclockwise rotation adjusting lock nut screws to reduce the engine oil pressure.
Perkins4016 diesel engine oil pressure test
1 to ensure that the correct the engine oil engine filling to the correct level. For more information please refer to the "pinch and maintenance manual" "filling capacity" and "operation and maintenance manual"
Pressure test location (1)
2 stroke tool (A) is connected to the engine oil filter housing location (1).
The 3 running engine. When the engine oil to reach 99. C (210. When the temperature of F), read the pressure readings and record the pressure.
4 see Table 9 to determine the engine oil pressure is acceptable.
If the engine oil pressure is low to identify the causes and to remove. Otherwise it may lead to reduced engine failure or engine life.
5 records the engine oil pressure and the instrument panel. The engine oil pressure gauge readings are compared. Engine oil pressure gauge failure or sensor failures may provide the engine oil pressure is too low or high engine oil pressure error indication. If between the engine oil pressure readings have obvious differences determine the cause.
Note: the engine oil pressure records available for engine problems may arise or damage indicator. Engine oil pressure suddenly changes of 70 kPa (10 poI) may indicate the presence of faults. Pull to check the engine and troubleshooting.
Perkins4016 diesel engine bearing excessive wear a check
Certain parts of the engine display bearing wear is probably because the oil passage is blocked in the short term. Oil pressure gauge can display the oil pressure is large enough but a component due to lack of lubrication and wear. Check the fuel supply to the member's channel in this case. Blocking oil road will hinder parts get enough lubrication. Early wear this will cause parts.
Perkins4016 diesel engine oil consumption of a check
Perkins4016 diesel engine external engine oil spill
Seal check crankshaft at both ends of the oil spill. Check the engine oil pan gasket and all joints have no oil lubrication system. View the crankcase ventilation device if there is any oil leakage. This is probably because of the combustion gases from around the piston effusion. The crankcase ventilation device dirty will cause the crankcase pressure high. The crankcase ventilation device dirty out lead seals and seal leakage.
The Perkins engine oil leakage into the cylinder combustion region
The engine oil leakage into the cylinder combustion region will cause the exhaust take the blue smoke. The oil may be four via the combustion zone into the cylinder
• the wear of the valve guide and valve stem leakage into the
• worn or damaged parts of piston ring and piston ring groove or oil dirty engine oil return hole
• compression ring or the middle ring is not installed properly
• the turbocharger shaft sealing ring into the
• the crankcase oil filling capacity
• the wrong oil dipstick or oil dipstick guide tube
• engine long time light load operation
If the use of engine oil viscosity does not will cause too much engine oil consumption.
Perkins4016 diesel engine oil temperature rise test
If the engine oil is higher than that of the normal value of coverage may be due to obstruction caused by the engine oil cooler. Check